哲學史-philosophy of history(英文版)

第12部分 (第4/7頁)

eflective　understanding　makes　between　an　idea　and　the　corresponding

reality；　holding　to　an　abstract　and　consequently　untrue　idea；　not　grasping　it　in　its　pleteness；　or　…

which　is　virtually；　though　not　in　point　of　form；　the　same　…　not　taking　a　concrete　view　of　a　people

and　a　state。　We　shall　have　to　show　further　on　that　the　constitution　adopted　by　a　people　makes　one

substance　…　one　spirit　…　with　its　religion；　its　art　and　philosophy；　or；　at　least；　with　its　conceptions　and

thoughts　…　its　culture　generally；　not　to　expatiate　upon　the　additional　influences；　ab　extra；　of

climate；　of　neighbours；　of　its　place　in　the　world。　A　State　is　an　individual　totality；　of　which　you

cannot　select　any　particular　side；　although　a　supremely　important　one；　such　as　its　political

constitution；　and　deliberate　and　decide　respecting　it　in　that　isolated　form。　Not　only　is　that

constitution　most　intimately　connected　with　and　dependent　on　those　other　spiritual　forces；　but　the

form　of　the　entire　moral　and　intellectual　individuality　…　prising　all　the　forces　it　embodies　…　is

only　a　step　in　the　development　of　the　grand　Whole；　…　with　its　place　pre…appointed　in　the　process：　a

fact　which　gives　the　highest　sanction　to　the　constitution　in　question；　and　establishes　its　absolute

necessity。　…The　origin　of　a　State　involves　imperious　lordship　on　the　one　hand；　instinctive

submission　on　the　other。　But　even　obedience　…　lordly　power；　and　the　fear　inspired　by　a　ruler　…　in

itself　implies　some　degree　of　voluntary　connection。　Even　in　barbarous　states　this　is　the　case；　it　is

not　the　isolated　will　of　individuals　that　prevails；　individual　pretensions　are　relinquished；　and　the

general　will　is　the　essential　bond　of