哲學史-philosophy of history(英文版)

第12部分 (第5/7頁)

political　union。　This　unity　of　the　general　and　the　particular　is　the

Idea　itself；　manifesting　itself　as　a　State；　and　which　subsequently　undergoes　further　development

within　itself。　The　abstract　yet　necessitated　process　in　the　development　of　truly　independent　states　is

as　follows：　…　They　begin　with　regal　power；　whether　of　patriarchal　or　military　origin。　In　the　next

phase；　particularity　and　individuality　assert　themselves　in　the　form　of　Aristocracy　and　Democracy。

Lastly；　we　have　the　subjection　of　these　separate　interests　to　a　single　power；　but　which　can　be

absolutely　none　other　than　one　outside　of　which　those　spheres　have　an　independent　position；　viz。；

the　Monarchical。　Two　phases　of　royalty；　therefore；　must　be　distinguished；　…　a　primary　and　a

secondary　one。　This　process　is　necessitated；　so　that　the　form　of　government　assigned　to　a

particular　stage　of　development　must　present　itself：　it　is　therefore　no　matter　of　choice；　but　is　that

form　which　is　adapted　to　the　spirit　of　the　people。

§　48

In　a　Constitution　the　main　feature　of　interest　is　the　self…development　of　the　rational；　that　is；　the

political　condition　of　a　people；　the　setting　free　of　the　successive　elements　of　the　Idea：　so　that　the

several　powers　in　the　State　manifest　themselves　as　separate；　…　attain　their　appropriate　and　special

perfection；　…　and　yet　in　this　independent　condition；　work　together　for　one　object；　and　are　held

together　by　it　…　i。e。；　form　an　organic　whole。　The　State　is　thus　the　embodiment　of　rational　freedom；

realising　and　recognising　itself　in　an　objective　form。　For　its　objectivity　consists　in　this；　…　that　its

successive　stages　are　not　merely　ideal；　but　are　present　in　an　appropriat