哲學史-philosophy of history(英文版)

第9部分 (第6/7頁)

at

principle；　and　so　are　essentially　elevated　above　all　alien　necessity　and　chance。　And　here　we　must

remark　that　individuals；　to　the　extent　of　their　freedom；　are　responsible　for　the　depravation　and

enfeeblement　of　morals　and　religion。　This　is　the　seal　of　the　absolute　and　sublime　destiny　of　man　—

that　be　knows　what　is　good　and　what　is　evil；　that　his　destiny　is　his　very　ability　to　will　either　good　or

evil；　—　in　one　word；　that　he　is　the　subject　of　moral　imputation；　imputation　not　only　of　evil；　but　of

good；　and　not　only　concerning　this　or　that　particular　matters　and　all　that　happens　ab　extra；　but

also　the　good　and　evil　attaching　to　his　individual　freedom。　The　brute　alone　is　simply　innocent。　It

would；　however　demand　an　extensive　explanation　—　as　extensive　as　the　analysis　of　moral　freedom

itself　—　to　preclude　or　obviate　all　the　misunderstandings　which　the　statement　that　what　is　called

innocent　imports　the　entire　unconsciousness　of　evil　—　is　wont　to　occasion。

§　38

In　contemplating　the　fate　which　virtue；　morality；　even　piety　experience　in　history；　we　must　not　fall

into　the　Litany　of　Lamentations；　that　the　good　and　pious　often　—　or　for　the　most　part　—　fare　ill　in

the　world；　while　the　evil…disposed　and　wicked　prosper。　The　term　prosperity　is　used　in　a　variety　of

meanings　—　riches；　outward　honour；　and　the　like。　But　in　speaking　of　something　which　in　and　for

itself　constitutes　an　aim　of　existence；　that　so…called　well　or　ill…faring　of　these　or　those　isolated

individuals　cannot　be　regarded　as　an　essential　element　in　the　rational　order　of　the　universe。　With

more　justice　than　happiness　—　or　a　fortunate　environment　for　individuals；　—　it　is　demanded　of　the

gr