哲學史-philosophy of history(英文版)

第11部分 (第4/7頁)

pertaining　to　the　particular　individual　as　such　…　a　limitation　of　caprice　and

self…will　is　regarded　as　a　fettering　of　Freedom。　We　should　on　the　contrary　look　upon　such

limitation　as　the　indispensable　proviso　of　emancipation。　Society　and　the　State　are　the　very

conditions　in　which　Freedom　is　realised。

§　44

We　must　notice　a　second　view；　contravening　the　principle　of　the　development　of　moral　relations

into　a　legal　form。　The　patriarchal　condition　is　regarded　…　either　in　reference　to　the　entire　race　of

man；　or　to　some　branches　of　it　…　as　exclusively　that　condition　of　things；　in　which　the　legal　element　is

bined　with　a　due　recognition　of　the　moral　and　emotional　parts　of　our　nature；　and　in　which

justice　as　united　with　these；　truly　and　really　influences　the　intercourse　of　the　social　units。　The　basis

of　the　patriarchal　condition　is　the　family　relation；　which　develops　the　primary　form　of　conscious

morality；　succeeded　by　that　of　the　State　as　its　second　phase。　The　patriarchal　condition　is　one　of

transition；　in　which　the　family　has　already　advanced　to　the　position　of　a　race　or　people；　where　the

union；　therefore；　has　already　ceased　to　be　simply　a　bond　of　love　and　confidence；　and　has　bee

one　of　plighted　service。　We　must　first　examine　the　ethical　principle　of　the　Family。　The　Family　may

be　reckoned　as　virtually　a　single　person；　since　its　members　have　either　mutually　surrendered　their

individual　personality；　（and　consequently　their　legal　position　towards　each　other；　with　the　rest　of

their　particular　interests　and　desires）　as　in　the　case　of　the　Parents；　or　have　not　yet　attained　such　an

independent　personality；　…　（the　Children；　…　who　are　primarily　in　that　merely　natur