哲學史-philosophy of history(英文版)

第7部分 (第3/7頁)

cause　on　the　ground　of　their　own　understanding；　their　independent　conviction　and

opinion。

§　26

We　assert　then　that　nothing　has　been　acplished　without　interest　on　the　part　of　the　actors；　and

—　if　interest　be　called　passion；　inasmuch　as　the　whole　individuality；　to　the　neglect　of　all　other　actual

or　possible　interests　and　claims；　is　devoted　to　an　object　with　every　fibre　of　volition；　concentrating

all　its　desires　and　powers　upon　it　—　we　may　affirm　absolutely　that　nothing　great　in　the　World　has

been　acplished　without　passion。　Two　elements；　therefore；　enter　into　the　object　of　our

investigation；　the　first　the　Idea；　the　second　the　plex　of　human　passions；　the　one　the　warp；　the

other　the　woof　of　the　vast　arras…web　of　Universal　History。　The　concrete　mean　and　union　of　the

two　is　Liberty；　under　the　conditions　of　morality　in　a　State。　We　have　spoken　of　the　Idea　of

Freedom　as　the　nature　of　Spirit；　and　the　absolute　goal　of　History。　Passion　is　regarded　as　a　thing　of

sinister　aspect；　as　more　or　less　immoral。　Man　is　required　to　have　no　passions。　Passion；　it　is　true；　is

not　quite　the　suitable　word　for　what　I　wish　to　express。　I　mean　here　nothing　more　than　human

activity　as　resulting　from　private　interests　—　special；　or　if　you　will；　self…seeking　designs　—　with　this

qualification；　that　the　whole　energy　of　will　and　character　is　devoted　to　their　attainment；　that　other

interests　（which　would　in　themselves　constitute　attractive　aims）；　or　rather　all　things　else；　are

sacrificed　to　them。　The　object　in　question　is　so　bound　up　with　the　man's　will；　that　it　entirely　and

alone　determines　the　“hue　of　resolution”　and　is　inseparable　from　it。　It　has　bee　the　very

essence　of　his　v