哲學史-philosophy of history(英文版)

第9部分 (第2/7頁)

observe；　is　not　envious；　but

gladly　recognises　what　is　great　and　exalted；　and　rejoices　that　it　exists。

§　34

It　is　in　the　light　of　those　mon　elements　which　constitute　the　interest　and　therefore　the　passions

of　individuals；　that　these　historical　men　are　to　be　regarded。　They　are　great　men；　because　they

willed　and　acplished　something　great；　not　a　mere　fancy；　a　mere　intention；　but　that　which　met

the　case　and　fell　in　with　the　needs　of　the　age。　This　mode　of　considering　them　also　excludes　the

so…called　“psychological”　view；　which　—　serving　the　purpose　of　envy　most　effectually　…　contrives

so　to　refer　all　actions　to　the　heart；　—　to　bring　them　under　such　a　subjective　aspect　—　as　that　their

authors　appear　to　have　done　everything　under　the　impulse　of　some　passion；　mean　or　grand；　—

some　morbid　craving；　—　and　on　account　of　these　passions　and　cravings　to　have　been　not　moral

men。　Alexander　of　Macedon　partly　subdued　Greece；　and　then　Asia；　therefore　he　was　possessed

by　a　morbid　craving　for　conquest。　He　is　alleged　to　have　acted　from　a　craving　for　fame；　for

conquest；　and　the　proof　that　these　were　the　impelling　motives　is　that　he　did　that　which　resulted　in

fame。　What　pedagogue　has　not　demonstrated　of　Alexander　the　Great　—　of　Julius　Caesar　—　that

they　were　instigated　by　such　passions；　and　en；　—　whence　the

conclusion　immediately　follows　that　he；　the　pedagogue；　is　a　better　man　than　they；　because　he　has

not　such　passions；　a　proof　of　which　lies　in　the　fact　that　he　does　not　conquer　Asia；　—　vanquish

Darius　and　Porus；　—　but　while　he　enjoys　life　himself　lets　others　enjoy　it　too。　These　psychologists

are　particularly　fond　of　contemplating　those　peculiarities　of　great　hist