哲學史-philosophy of history(英文版)

第16部分 (第5/7頁)

　form　political　constitutions　themselves。

§　71

After　these　remarks；　relating　to　the　form　of　the　mencement　of　the　World's　History；　and　to

that　ante…historical　period　which　must　be　excluded　from　it；　we　have　to　state　the　direction　of　its

course：　though　here　only　formally。　The　further　definition　of　the　subject　in　the　concrete；　es

under　the　head　of　arrangement。

§　72

Universal　history　—　as　already　demonstrated　—　shows　the　development　of　the　consciousness　of

Freedom　on　the　part　of　Spirit；　and　of　the　consequent　realisation　of　that　Freedom。　This

development　implies　a　gradation　—　a　series　of　increasingly　adequate　expressions　or　manifestations

of　Freedom；　which　result　from　its　Idea。　The　logical；　and　—　as　still　more　prominent　—　the

dialectical　nature　of　the　Idea　in　general；　viz。　that　it　is　self…determined　—　that　it　assumes　successive

forms　which　it　successively　transcends；　and　by　this　very　process　of　transcending　its　earlier　stages；

gains　an　affirmative；　and；　in　fact；　a　richer　and　more　concrete　shape；　—　this　necessity　of　its　nature；

and　the　necessary　series　of　pure　abstract　forms　which　the　Idea　successively　assumes　—　is

exhibited　in　the　department　of　Logic。　Here　we　need　adopt　only　one　of　its　results；　viz。　that　every

step　in　the　process；　as　differing　from　any　other；　has　its　determinate　peculiar　principle。　In　history　this

principle　is　idiosyncrasy　of　Spirit　—　peculiar　National　Genius。　It　is　within　the　limitations　of　this

idiosyncrasy　that　the　spirit　of　the　nation；　concretely　manifested；　expresses　every　aspect　of　its

consciousness　and　will　—　the　whole　cycle　of　its　realisation。　Its　religion；　its　polity；　its　ethics；　its

legislation；　and　even　its　sci