哲學史-philosophy of history(英文版)

第18部分 (第4/7頁)

that　it　seems　to　be　left　free　to　men；　on　their　part；　to　adopt　such

mands；　—　to　observe　them　or　not；　while　the　conception　of　an　abstract　subject；　“a　wise　man”

＇Sapiens＇　forms　the　culminating　point　among　the　Chinese；　as　also　among　the　Stoic　moralists。　Also

in　the　Indian　doctrine　of　the　renunciation　of　the　sensuality　of　desires　and　earthly　interests；　positive

moral　freedom　is　not　the　object　and　end；　but　the　annihilation　of　consciousness　—　spiritual　and　even

physical　privation　of　life。

§　80

It　is　the　concrete　spirit　of　a　people　which　we　have　distinctly　to　recognise；　and　since　it　is　Spirit　it

can　only　be　prehended　spiritually；　that　is；　by　thought。　It　is　this　alone　which　takes　the　lead　in　all

the　deeds　and　tendencies　of　that　people；　and　which　is　occupied　in　realising　itself；　—　in　satisfying　its

ideal　and　being　self…conscious；　—　for　its　great　business　is　self…production。　But　for　spirit；　the

highest　attainment　is　self…knowledge；　an　advance　not　only　to　the　intuition；　but　to　the　thought　—

the　clear　conception　of　itself。　This　it　must　and　is　also　destined　to　acplish；　but　the

acplishment　is　at　the　same　time　its　dissolution。；　and　the　rise　of　another　spirit；　another

world…historical　people；　another　epoch　of　Universal　History。　This　transition　and　connection　leads

us　to　the　connection　of　the　whole　—　the　idea　of　the　World's　History　as　such　—　which　we　have　now

to　consider　more　closely；　and　of　which　we　have　to　give　a　representation。

§　81

History　in　general　is　therefore　the　development　of　Spirit　in　Time；　as　Nature　is　the　development　of

the　Idea　in　Space。

§　82

If　then　we　cast　a　glance　over　the　World's　History　generally；　we　see　a　vast　picture　of　ch