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旁白:在思想的戰爭中,1974年是一個轉折點。哈耶克獲得諾貝爾獎令人驚訝,但是天平現在正從凱恩斯一方向哈耶克一方傾斜。
FRIEDRICH VON HAYEK: I like to say when I was a young man; only the very old men still believed in the free…market system。 When I was in my middle ages I myself and nobody else believed in it。 And now I have the pleasure of having lived long enough to see that the young people again believe in it。 And that is a very important change。
哈耶克:我想說我年輕時,只有很老的人才相信自由市場體系;我中年時除了我自己以外沒有人相信它;現在我很高興活得夠長能看到年輕人再次信奉它。這是一個非常重要的變化。
Chapter 14: Deregulation Takes Off '7:29'
第十四章:取消管制
Onscreen title: Chicago; 1974
字幕標題:芝加哥,1974年
NARRATOR: The
旁白:美國經濟正經歷著自大蕭條以後最嚴重的低迷時期。工業發展緩慢;失業上升;阿拉伯石油禁運後接踵而來的是贖罪日戰爭。美國人排隊等待購買汽油;所有的價格都在上漲。
Chicago School economists had always argued that rigid government regulations were keeping prices high and fueling inflation。 Now more people began to wonder if petition could break the inflationary stranglehold。
芝加哥學派的經濟學家一直爭論說政府的硬性規章使價格居高不下,助長了通貨膨脹。現在更多的人開始想知道競爭是否能夠打破通貨膨脹的束縛。
SAM PELTZMAN: What is the effect of regulating the airlines? What is the effect of regulating the trucking industry? And what is the effect of regulating the railroad industry? Very often; it raises prices。 Instead of allowing petition; it suppresses petition。
SAM PELTZMAN:管制航線的影響是什麼?管制火車運輸業的影響是什麼?管制鐵路的影響是什麼?管制常常引起價格上漲。與允許競爭相反,它抑制了競爭。
Onscreen title: Washington; ; 1974
字幕標題:華盛頓,1974年
NARRATOR: In the airline industry; the host of regulations enacted during the Great Depression were still in force。 It was a classic example of regulated capitalism。 But deregulation was in the air。
旁白:大蕭條時期針對航空業制定的許多規章制度至今仍然有效。這是管制資本主義的一個典型例子。但是違反規定的情況有可能發生。
Stephen Breyer; now a Supreme Court justice; then a Harvard professor; was asked b